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The Fundamentals

Exposure Triangle

Learn how aperture, shutter speed, and ISO work together to control light and achieve the perfect exposure. Understanding this helps you capture well-lit and visually stunning photos in any setting.

Camera Settings​

Gain confidence in using manual, aperture priority, and shutter priority modes to take full creative control. Learn how to adjust settings for different shooting conditions and styles.

Photo Composition​

Discover techniques such as the rule of thirds, leading lines, and framing to enhance your shots. Composition is crucial and the key to turning ordinary photos into visually compelling stories.

Exposure Triangle

What is Exposure Triangle?

The Exposure Triangle is the foundation of photography, consisting of three key elements: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. These settings work together to control the amount of light that enters the camera and determines how bright or dark an image appears. Mastering the balance between them ensures that your photos are properly exposed, whether you’re shooting in bright daylight or low-light conditions.

Aperture refers to the size of the lens opening, controlling how much light passes through. A wide aperture (low f-number like f/1.8) lets in more light and creates a blurred background (shallow depth of field), perfect for portraits. A narrow aperture (high f-number like f/11) allows less light and keeps more of the scene in focus, ideal for landscapes. Shutter speed determines how long the camera sensor is exposed to light. A fast shutter speed (1/1000s) freezes motion, great for action shots, while a slow shutter speed (1/10s) allows motion blur, useful for capturing light trails or smooth water effects.

ISO controls the sensor’s sensitivity to light. A low ISO (100-200) produces clean, sharp images in bright conditions, while a higher ISO (800-3200 or more) helps in low light but may introduce grain or noise. Balancing these three settings is key to achieving the desired look in your photos. Adjusting one setting affects the others, so learning how they interact will give you full creative control over exposure and image quality.

Learn more through the videos!

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In summary:

Exposure Triangle – The Three Key Elements

Aperture (f-stop) – Controls light and depth of field

    • Wide aperture (low f-number, e.g., f/1.8): More light, blurred background (great for portraits).
    • Narrow aperture (high f-number, e.g., f/11): Less light, sharper focus across the scene (ideal for landscapes).

Shutter Speed – Controls motion and exposure time

    • Fast shutter speed (e.g., 1/1000s): Freezes motion (perfect for action shots).
    • Slow shutter speed (e.g., 1/10s): Creates motion blur (great for light trails or smooth water effects).

       

ISO – Adjusts sensor sensitivity to light

    • Low ISO (100-200): Produces sharp images with less noise (best for bright conditions).
    • High ISO (800+): Helps in low light but may introduce grain/noise.

Proper Exposure – Achieving a Balanced Image

    • A properly exposed photo is neither too bright (overexposed) nor too dark (underexposed).

Adjusting one setting affects the others:

    • Increase aperture (wider opening) → More light → Need faster shutter speed or lower ISO.
    • Decrease shutter speed (slower) → More light enters → Might need smaller aperture or lower ISO.
    • Increase ISO → Brighter image → Useful in low light but can introduce noise.

 

Use the camera’s light meter to find the right balance.